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The following items were produced in direct association with RCPS
Look for the symbols to quickly find your interest
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symbol for RTM/crime analysis

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symbol for RTM/global threats

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symbol for CCTV Surveillance

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symbol for Environ Corrections


Printed by RCPS
Free Downloads
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Link | PDF
Risk-Based Policing Playbook (2016)
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Annotated guides to ArcGIS tools and procedures
​Link​

​GIS Mapping for Public Safety (2012) ​for ArcGIS 10
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GIS for Public Safety (2010) for ArcGIS 9.3
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Link
A Primer on the
Spatial Dynamics of
Crime Emergence and Persistence
(2012)


Books

Kennedy, L. W., Caplan, J. M. & Piza, E. L. (2018). Risk-Based Policing: Evidence-Based Crime Prevention with Big Data and Spatial Analytics. Link

Caplan, J. M. & Kennedy, L. W. (2016). Risk Terrain Modeling: Crime Prediction and Risk Reduction. CA: Univ. of California Press. Link | Google Preview


Kennedy, L. W., Irvin-Erickson, Y. & Kennedy, A. R. (2014). Translational Criminology and Counterterrorism. NY: Springer. Link

Lum, C. & Kennedy, L.W. (2011). Evidence Based Counterterrorism Policy. N.Y.: Springer. Link

McGloin, J. M., Sullivan, C.J., & Kennedy, L.W. (2011). When Crime Appears: The Role of Emergence. N.Y.: Routledge. Link

Kennedy, L. W. & McGarrell, E. F. (Eds.). (2011). Crime and Terrorism Risk: Studies in Criminology and Criminal Justice. New York: Routledge. Link

Kennedy, L. W. & Van Brunschot, E. (2009), The Risk in Crime. NY: Rowman and Littlefield. Link

Van Brunschot, E. & Kennedy, L. W. (2008). Risk Balance and Security. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 
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Sacco, V. & Kennedy, L. W. (2001). The Criminal Event: Perspectives in Space and Time (2nd Edition). Wadsworth. Link
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Book Chapters
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2014. Forecasting of Shootings using Risk Terrain Modeling. In G. Bruinsma and D. Weisburd (Eds.), Crime and Place: Crime Specialization and Concentrations. New York: Springer-Verlag. Link

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2012. Countering the Threat of Terrorism: Applying Risk Terrain Modeling in Turkish Cities. In C. Lum and L. Kennedy (Eds.), Evidence-Based Counterterrorism Policy. New York: Springer-Verlag. Link

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2011. Risk Terrains and Crime Emergence. In J. McGloin, C. Sullivan, and L. W. Kennedy. When Crime Appears: The Role of Crime Emergence. NY: Taylor & Francis. Link

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2011. Forecasting Global Maritime Piracy Utilizing the Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) Approach to Spatial Risk Assessment. In L. W. Kennedy and E. F. McGarrell (Eds.), Crime and Terrorism Risk: Studies in Criminology and Criminal Justice. NY: Routledge. Link


Journal Articles
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2018. Enhancing Data-Driven Law Enforcement Efforts: Exploring how Risk Terrain Modeling and Conjunctive Analysis Fit in a Crime and Traffic Safety Framework. American Journal of Criminal Justice. Link

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2018. Utilizing a Risk of Crime Measure for Recidivism Research: Moving Environmental Corrections Forward. Crime & Delinquency. Link

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2018. Predicting Dynamical Crime Distribution from Environmental and Social Influences. Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics. Link

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2018. Examining Interactive Effects of Characteristics of the Social and Physical Environment on Aggravated Assault. Journal of Criminal Justice. Link

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2018. Risk Terrain Modeling and Socio-Economic Stratification: Identifying Risky Places for Violent Crime Victimization in Bogotá, Colombia. European Journal of Criminal Policy and Research. Link

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2018. Facilitators and Impediments to Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating Risk-Based Policing Strategies Using Risk Terrain Modeling: Insights from a Multi-City Evaluation in the United States. European Journal of Criminal Policy and Research. Link

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2017. Crime in Context: Utilizing Risk Terrain Modeling and Conjunctive Analysis of Case Configurations to Explore the Dynamics of Criminogenic Behavior Settings. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. Link

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2017. The Crime Kaleidoscope: A Cross-Jurisdictional Analysis of Place Features and Crime in Three Urban Environments. Applied Geography. Link

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2017. Place-Based Risk Factors for Aggravated Assault Across Police Divisions in Little Rock, Arkansas. Journal of Crime and Justice. Link

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2017. CCTV as a Tool for Early Police Intervention: Preliminary Lessons from Nine Case Studies. Security Journal. Link

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2016. Place-Based Correlates of Motor Vehicle Theft and Recovery: Measuring Spatial Influence Across Neighbourhood Context. Urban Studies. Link

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2016. Bringing the Physical Environment Back Into Neighborhood Research: The Utility of RTM for Developing an Aggregate Neighborhood Risk of Crime Measure. Journal of Criminal Justice. Link

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2015. The Social and Geographic Patterns of Sexual Offending: Is Sexual Offender Residence Restriction Legislation Practical?. Victims & Offenders. Link

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2015. Exposure to Crime: Applying Risk Terrain Modeling to the Study of Assault in Chicago. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy. Link | View Brief

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2014. Spatial Risk Factors of Felonious Battery to Police Officers. Policing. Link

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In Press. Assessing the Effects of Local Crime Hotspots on Parolee Recidivism. Prison Journal.

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2014. The Effects of Merging Proactive CCTV Monitoring with Directed Police Patrol: A Randomized Control Trial. Journal of Experimental Criminology. Link

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2015. Risk Terrain Modeling for Spatial Risk Assessment. Cityscape, 17(1), 7-16. Link

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2014. Risk Terrain Modeling for Strategic and Tactical Action. Crime Mapping & Analysis News. Link

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2014. Analyzing the Influence of Micro-Level Factors on CCTV Camera Effect. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 30(2). Link

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2013. ‘A plague on both your houses?’: Risks, repeats and reconsiderations of urban residential burglary. Justice Quarterly. Link

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2013. Home nodes, criminogenic places, and parolee failure: Testing an environmental model of offender risk. Crime and Delinquency. Link

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2013. Joint utility of event-dependent and environmental crime analysis techniques for violent crime forecasting. Crime and Delinquency, 59(2), 243-270. Link

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2012. Kansas City’s Violent Crime Initiative: A Place-Based Evaluation of Location-Specific Intervention Activities during a Fixed Time Period. Crime Mapping, 4(2), 9-37. Link

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2012. Is the punishment more certain?: An analysis of CCTV detections and enforcement. Justice Quarterly. Link

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2011. Mapping the spatial influence of crime correlates: A comparison of operationalization schemes and implications for crime analysis and criminal justice practice. Cityscape, 13(3), 57-83. PDF

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2011. Police-monitored CCTV cameras in Newark, NJ: A quasi-experimental test of crime deterrence. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 7, 255-274. Link

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2011. Risk terrain modeling: Brokering criminological theory and GIS methods for crime forecasting. Justice Quarterly, 28(2), 360-381. Link

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2011. Risk clusters, hotspots, and spatial intelligence: Risk Terrain Modeling as an Algorithm for Police Resource Allocation Strategies. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 27(3), 339-362. Link

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2010. National surveys of state paroling authorities: Models of service delivery. Federal Probation, 74(1), 34-42. PDF

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2008. Using GIS to evaluate post-release prisoner services in Newark, New Jersey. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(5), 416-425. PDF


Working Papers, Reports and Research Briefs
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2018. Unpacking Spatio-Temporal Differences of Risk for Crime: An Analysis in Little Rock, Arkansas PDF

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2018. Risk-Based Policing in Atlantic City: 2017 Report PDF

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2017. Crime in Context: Utilizing Risk Terrain Modeling and Conjunctive Analysis to Explore the Dynamics of Criminogenic Behavior Settings PDF

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2017. The Atlantic City Police Department Risk-Based Policing Initiative Pilot Project: 2016 Year-End Report PDF

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2017. Place-Based Risk Factors for Aggravated Assault Across Police Divisions in Little Rock, Arkansas PDF

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2017. The Crime Kaleidoscope: A Cross-Jurisdictional Analysis of Place Features and Crime in Three Urban Environments PDF

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2016. Examining the Environmental Characteristics of Drug Dealing Locations PDF

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2016. Exposure to Crime: Applying Risk Terrain Modeling to the Study of Assault in Chicago (Theory of Risky Places) PDF

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2016. Bringing the Physical Environ. Back Into Neighborhood Research: The Utility of RTM for Developing an Aggregate Neighborhood Risk of Crime Measure PDF

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2015. A Multi-jurisdictional Test of Risk Terrain Modeling and a Place-based Evaluation of Environmental Risk-Based Patrol Deployment Strategies
Final Technical Report (PDF)
 | Results in Brief (PDF) | ICPSR Archived Data | Proven Strategies Matrix, Case Studies & Tips (PDF) | see also: Conjunctive Analysis Report: 6-City Executive Summary PDF


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2013. Felonious Assault and Injury to Law Enforcement: Epidemiology and Spatial Risk Factors PDF

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2013. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. Detection of Crime, Resource Deployment, and Predictors of Success: A Multi-Level Analysis of CCTV in Newark, NJ PDF

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2013. Risky Repeats: Using RTM and the Near Repeat Calculator to Analyze Urban Residential Burglary PDF

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2012. Robbery Risk as a Co-function of Place and Time PDF

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2012. Using Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models to Measure the Influence of Risk on Crime Incident Counts PDF

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2012. Is the Punishment More Certain? An Analysis of CCTV Detections and Enforcement PDF

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2012. Establishing Situational Context in Risk Terrains (with Conjunctive Analysis) PDF

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2012. Vacant Properties and Gun Shootings: Empirical Validation of a Core Assumption of the Kensington Renewal Initiative PDF

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2012. Weighted Risk Terrain Model for Aggravated Assaults in Kansas City, MO PDF

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2012. Risk-Based Intervention Strategy for Policing PDF

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2012. Integrating Spatial Crime Analysis Techniques for Tactical and Strategic Actions PDF

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2012. A Theory of Risky Places PDF

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2011. An Analysis of Modern Early Warning Systems: How might Risk-Terrain Modeling contribute to the development of an optimal system PDF

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2011. Applying RTM to Aggravated Assault PDF

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2011. Applying RTM to Street Robberies PDF

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2010. Practically Meaningful (but Statistically Insignificant) Method for Smoothing Census Data for Inclusion into a Risk Terrain Model PDF

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2010. Applying Risk Terrain Modeling to a Violent Crimes Initiative in Kansas City, Missouri PDF

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2010. Risk Clusters, Hotspots, and Spatial Intelligence: Risk Terrains Modeling as an Algorithm for Police Resource Allocation Strategies PDF

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2010. Risk Terrains of Heart Disease in New Jersey (YouTube Video) Link

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2010. Applying RTM to Urban Residential Burglary PDF

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2010. Forecasting Global Maritime Piracy Utilizing the Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) Approach PDF

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2009. Police-monitored CCTV cameras in Newark, NJ : Placement choice and their impact on street-level crime incidents PDF

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2009. Introduction to Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) for Strategic Decision-Making and Tactical Action PDF

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2009. Risk Terrains as Spatial Intelligence PDF

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2009. Applying RTM to Shootings PDF

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2009. A Risk Based Outline for Intelligence-Led Policing PDF


Literature Reviews (3 pages or less)
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2011. Risk Factors of Shootings PDF

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2011. Risk Factors of Aggravated Assaults PDF

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2011. Risk Factors of Murder and Non-Negligent Manslaughter PDF

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2011. Risk Factors of Drug Dealing in Open-Air Markets PDF

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2011. Risk Factors of Street Prostitution PDF

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2010. Risk Factors of Sexual Assault PDF

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2010. Risk Factors of Forcible Rape PDF

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2010. Risk Factors of Auto Thefts PDF

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2010. Risk Factors of Urban Residential Burglary PDF

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2010. Risk Factors of Street Robbery PDF

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2010. Risk Factors of Arson PDF

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2010. Risk Factors of Simple Assault PDF

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2010. Risk Factors of Larceny-Theft PDF

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2010. Risk Factors of Loitering PDF

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2012. Risk Factors of Smuggling of Migrants PDF

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2012. Risk Factors of Gender-based Sexual Violence PDF

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2012. Risk Factors of Fragile States PDF

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2012. Risk Factors of Natural Resources Security PDF

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2012. Risk Factors of Economic Dystopia PDF

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2012. Risk Factors of Armed Conflict PDF

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2012. Risk Factors of Health PDF

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2012. Risk Factors of Unmanaged Migration PDF


Conjunctive Analysis
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2015. Conjunctive Analysis Report: 6-City Executive Summary PDF

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2015. Residential Burglary in Arlington, TX PDF

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2015. Shootings in Chicago, IL PDF

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2015. Motor Vehicle Theft in Colorado Springs PDF

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2015. Robbery in Glendale, AZ PDF

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2015. Aggravated Violence in Kansas City, MO PDF

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2015. Gun Violence in Newark, NJ PDF

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For "how to", see: Conjunctive Analysis Tutorial  PDF


Other Recommended Readings (Selected)
ARTICLE. 2018. Gang Violence Predictability: Using Risk Terrain Modeling to Study Gang Homicides and Gang Assaults in East Los Angeles. Journal of Criminal Justice. By Valasik. Link
ARTICLE. 2018. Predicting Property Crime Risk: An Application of Risk Terrain Modeling in Vancouver, Canada. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. By Andresen & Hodgkinson. Link
ARTICLE. 2018. Isolating Target and Neighbourhood Vulnerabilities in Crime Forecasting. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. By Dugato, Favarin & Bosisio . Link
ARTICLE. 2018. Bus Stops and Violence, Are Risky Places Really Risky? European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. By Gerell. Link
ARTICLE. 2018. Applying Crime Prediction Techniques to Japan: A Comparison Between Risk Terrain Modeling and Other Methods. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. By Ohyama & Amemiya. Link
ARTICLE. 2018. Unpacking Spatio-temporal Differences of Risk for Crime: An Analysis in Little Rock, AR. Policing. By Chillar & Drawve. Link
ARTICLE. 2018. Risk Terrain Modeling for Monitoring Illicit Drugs Markets Across Bogota, Colombia. Crime Science. By Escudero & Ramírez. Link
ARTICLE. 2018. Terrorism Risk Forecasting By Ideology. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. By Onat & Gul. Link
ARTICLE. 2018. Measuring the Effect of Heterogeneity of Police Enforcement Actions Across Spatial Contexts. J of Criminal Justice. By Piza & Gilchrist . Link
ARTICLE. 2017. The Role of Crime Analyst and Researcher Partnerships: A Training Exercise in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Policing. By Drawve et al. Link
ARTICLE. 2017. Risky Places: An Analysis of Carjackings in Detroit. Journal of Criminal Justice. By Lersch. Link
ARTICLE. 2017. Forecasting Organized Crime Homicides: Risk Terrain Modeling of Camorra Violence in Naples, Italy. J of Interpersonal Violence. By Dugato et al. Link
ARTICLE. 2017. Close Only Counts in Alcohol and Violence: Controlling Violence Near Late-Night Alcohol Establishments. J of Criminal Justice. By Burgason et al. Link
MANUSCRIPT. 2016. Applying RTM to Identify High Risk Locations for Active Shooter Events. Thesis from Mercyhurst University. By John Hecht. PDF
ARTICLE. 2016. Risk Terrain Modeling Predicts Child Maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect. By Daley et al. PDF
ESSAY. 2016. RTM is Smarter Policing. An OpEd. By Marces Mendoza. PDF
MANUSCRIPT. 2016. Smart Cities and the Spatiotemporal Analysis of Residential Burglaries. Thesis from Utrecht University. By Roderick Duinker. PDF
ARTICLE. 2016. An analysis of spatial correlates of terrorism using risk terrain modeling. Terrorism and Political Violence. By Ismail Onat. Link
ARTICLE. 2015. A terrain risk assessment method for military surveillance applications for mobile assets. Computers & Industrial Engineering. By Nebil Buyurgan & Nabil Lehlou. Link
ARTICLE. 2015. Testing the predictability of crime forecasting models using patio-temporal analysis and risk terrain modeling. Korean Criminological Review. By Roh Sunghoon. [English & Korean Abstract; Article is written in Korean]  Link
ARTICLE. 2015. Toward predictive crime analysis via social media big data, and GIS. iConference 2015 Proceedings. By Anthony J. Corso, Gondy Leroy, & Abdulkareem Alsusdais. Link
ARTICLE. 2015. Identifying risky places for crime: An analysis of the criminogenic spatiotemporal influences of landscape features on street robberies. U.S. Department of Justice. By Yasmin Irvin-Ericsson. Link
ARTICLE. 2015. Using risk terrain modeling technique to identify places with the greatest risk for violent crimes in New Haven. Crime Mapping & Analysis News. By Charles Anyinam. Link
ARTICLE. 2015. Leveraging predictive policing algorithms to restore Fourth Amendment protections in high-crime areas in a post-Wardlow world. Chicago-Kent Law Review. By Kelly K. Koss. Link
ARTICLE. 2014. Policing by numbers: Big data and the Fourth Amendment . Washington Law Review. By Elizabeth E. Joh. Link
ARTICLE. 2014, online first. Predictability of gun crimes: A comparison of hot spots and risk terrain modelling techniques. Policing and Society: An International Journal of Research and Policy. By Grant Drawve, Stacy Moak, & Emily Berthelot. Link
ARTICLE. 2014, online first. A metric comparison of predictive hot spot techniques & RTM. Justice Quarterly. By Grant Drawve. Link
ARTICLE. 2013. Predictive policing: The role of crime forecasting in law enforcement operations. RAND Corporation. By Walter L. Perry, Brian McInnis, Carter C. Price, Susan C. Smith, & John S. Hollywood. Link
ARTICLE. 2013. Assessing the validity of risk terrain modeling in a European city: Preventing robberies in Milan. Crime Mapping, 5(1), 63-89. By Marco Dugato, TRANSCRIME. Link
ARTICLE. 2013. Evaluating the temporal parameters of risk terrain modeling with residential burglary. Crime Mapping, 5(1), 7-38. By M. Yerxa. Link
ARTICLE. 2013. An application of risk terrain modeling to residential burglary. TCNJ Journal of Student Scholarship, XV(April), 1-9. By Ryan Gale, The College of New Jersey. PDF
ARTICLE. 2012. Predictive policing and reasonable suspicion. Emory Law Review. By Andrew G. Ferguson. Link

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Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Criminal Justice. 
123 Washington Street, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
Copyright (c) All Rights Reserved | Leslie W. Kennedy, Director | Joel M. Caplan, Deputy Director | rutgerscps@gmail.com

  • Home
  • People
  • Topics
  • RTM
    • RTM Intro
    • Certification
    • riskterrainmodeling.com
  • Software
    • RTMDx Gratis
    • RTMDx for Students
    • RTMDx by Simsi
  • Training
    • Professional Services
    • RTM Training Online
    • Course Materials >
      • Download Course Materials
  • News
  • Anchor Initiative
    • NPSC